Open Access
How Green HRM Helps to Nurture Green & Innovative Behaviours: A Case of SMEs from Kosovo
Keywords:
Green human resource management
Employee green behavior
Innovative work behavior
Green creativity
Green commitment
Organizational identity theory
Social exchange theory
Abstract
Aim: This study investigates the impact of green human resource management (GHRM) on employee green behavior, and innovative work behavior, with a focus on the moderating role of green creativity and the mediating role of green commitment among the Green SME sector in Kosovo. Organizational Identity Theory and Social Exchange Theory are integrated to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics in the context of the Green SME sector. Methodology: Data were collected from 300 senior managers and SME owners within this sector, employing a cross-sectional approach. The study adopts a quantitative methodology, with Smart PLS used for analysis. The primary statistical method employed to assess the study’s hypotheses was partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings: The findings reveal significant relationships, highlighting the direct positive influence of GHRM on employee green behavior and innovative work behavior. Furthermore, the study underscores the mediating effect of green commitment and the moderating role of green creativity in shaping these relationships. Implications/Novel Contribution: The implications of these findings are discussed in light of sustainable human resource practices in the Green SME sector. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers in the Green SME sector, illustrating how green human resource management can play a positive role in fostering employee green behavior. This paper stands out for various reasons. Firstly, it makes a valuable contribution to the broader literature on green human resource management in Kosovo. Secondly, it adds to the limited body of knowledge concerning green human resource management within the specific context of the green SME sector. Thirdly, a distinctive aspect of this study lies in its introduction of innovative work behavior as an outcome resulting from green human resource management, with green commitment serving as a mediating variable in the correlation between green human resource management and both employee green behaviors and innovative work behavior.References
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Aboramadan, M. (2022). The effect of green HRM on employee green behaviors in higher education: the mediating mechanism of green work engagement. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 30(1), 7-23. ’
Aboramadan, M., Kundi, Y. M., & Becker, A. (2022). Green human resource management in nonprofit organizations: Effects on employee green behavior and the role of perceived green organizational support. Personnel Review, 51(7), 1788-1806.
Afsar, B., & Umrani, W. A. (2020). Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior: The role of motivation to learn, task complexity and innovation climate. European Journal of Innovation Management, 23(3), 402-428.
Ahmed, M., Zehou, S., Raza, S. A., Qureshi, M. A., & Yousufi, S. Q. (2020). Impact of CSR and environmental triggers on employee green behavior: The mediating effect of employee wellbeing. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(5), 2225-2239.
Akram, T., Lei, S., Haider, M. J., & Hussain, S. T. (2020). The impact of organizational justice on employee innovative work behavior: Mediating role of knowledge sharing. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 5(2), 117-129.
Aktar, A., & Islam, Y. (2019). Green human resource management practices and employee engagement: Empirical evidence from RMG sector in Bangladesh. Available at SSRN 3363860.
AlGhazali, B. M., & Afsar, B. (2021). Retracted: Green human resource management and employees’ green creativity: The roles of green behavioral intention and individual green values. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 28(1), 536-536.
Asurakkody, T. A., & Kim, S. H. (2020). Effects of knowledge sharing behavior on innovative work behavior among nursing Students: Mediating role of Self-leadership. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 12, 100190.
Bhutto, T. A., Farooq, R., Talwar, S., Awan, U., & Dhir, A. (2021). Green inclusive leadership and green creativity in the tourism and hospitality sector: Serial mediation of green psychological climate and work engagement. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(10), 1716-1737.
Chang, C. H., & Chen, Y. S. (2013). Green organizational identity and green innovation. Management decision, 51(5), 1056-1070.
Cheah, J.-H., Thurasamy, R., Memon, M. A., Chuah, F., & Ting, H. (2020). Multigroup analysis using SmartPLS: Step-by-step guidelines for business research. Asian Journal of Business Research, 10(3), I-XIX.
Chen, Y.-S., & Chang, C.-H. (2013). The determinants of green product development performance: Green dynamic capabilities, green transformational leadership, and green creativity. Journal of Business Ethics, 116, 107-119.
Chen, Y. S. (2011). Green organizational identity: sources and consequence. Management Decision, 49(3), 384-404.
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-900.
Dauti, M. B., Dauti, R., & Krasniqi, M. (2020). Factors determining success of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Kosovo. KNOWLEDGE-International Journal, 42(1), 239-244.
De Jong, J., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2008). Innovative work behavior: Measurement and validation. EIM Business and Policy Research, 8(1), 1-27.
Di Vaio, A., Palladino, R., Pezzi, A., & Kalisz, D. E. (2021). The role of digital innovation in knowledge management systems: A systematic literature review. Journal of Business Research, 123, 220-231.
Fawehinmi, O., Yusliza, M., Wan Kasim, W. Z., Mohamad, Z., & Sofian Abdul Halim, M. A. (2020). Exploring the interplay of green human resource management, employee green behavior, and
personal moral norms. Sage Open, 10(4), 2158244020982292.
Gill, A., Ahmad, B., & Kazmi, S. (2021). The effect of green human resource management on environmental performance: The mediating role of employee eco-friendly behavior. Management Science Letters, 11(6), 1725-1736.
Graves, L. M., Sarkis, J., & Zhu, Q. (2013). How transformational leadership and employee motivation combine to predict employee proenvironmental behaviors in China. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 35, 81-91.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European business review, 31(1), 2-24.
Hair Jr, J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2020). Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis. Journal of Business Research, 109, 101-110.
Haldorai, K., Kim, W. G., & Garcia, R. F. (2022). Top management green commitment and green intellectual capital as enablers of hotel environmental performance: The mediating role of green human resource management. Tourism Management, 88, 104431.
Halilaj, A. (2021). GROWTH OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES: THE CASE OF KOSOVO. Proceedings of FEB Zagreb International Odyssey Conference on Economics and Business. Islam,
M. A., Jantan, A. H., Yusoff, Y. M., Chong, C. W., & Hossain, M. S. (2023). Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices and millennial employees’ turnover intentions in tourism industry in malaysia: Moderating role of work environment. Global Business Review, 24(4), 642-662.
Jafari, N., Rahmaniyan, S., & Ghayouri, Z. (2021). The Role of Transformational Leadership, Individual Motivation and Knowledge Sharing in the Innovative Work Behavior of Public Library Staff of Fars Province. Research on Information Science and Public Libraries, 27(3), 571-545.
Karimi, S., Ahmadi Malek, F., Yaghoubi Farani, A., & Liobikien, G. (2023). The role of transformational leadership in developing innovative work behaviors: The mediating role of employees’ psychological capital. Sustainability, 15(2), 1267.
Khan, K., Shams, M. S., Khan, Q., Akbar, S., & Niazi, M. M. (2022). Relationship among green human resource management, green knowledge sharing, green commitment, and green behavior: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 924492.
Khan, M. A., Ismail, F. B., Hussain, A., & Alghazali, B. (2020). The interplay of leadership styles, innovative work behavior, organizational culture, and organizational citizenship behavior. Sage Open, 10(1), 2158244019898264.
Knezovic, E., & Drki ´ c, A. (2021). Innovative work behavior in SMEs: the role of transformational leadership. ´ Employee Relations: The International Journal, 43(2), 398-415.
Li, C., Makhdoom, H. U. R., & Asim, S. (2020). Impact of entrepreneurial leadership on innovative work behavior: Examining mediation and moderation mechanisms. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 105-118.
Li, W., Bhutto, T. A., Xuhui, W., Maitlo, Q., Zafar, A. U., & Bhutto, N. A. (2020). Unlocking employees’ green creativity: The effects of green transformational leadership, green intrinsic, and extrinsic motivation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 255, 120229.
Lin, Q. (2023). Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior: The role of identification, voice and innovation climate. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 113, 103521.
Loku, A., Loku, N., & Baftiu, N. (2021). Small and Medium Enterprises: Importance for the Kosovo Economy. Technium Soc. Sci. J., 18, 215.
Malik, S. Y., Cao, Y., Mughal, Y. H., Kundi, G. M., Mughal, M. H., & Ramayah, T. (2020). Pathways towards sustainability in organizations: Empirical evidence on the role of green human resource management practices and green intellectual capital. Sustainability, 12(8), 3228.
Montani, F., Vandenberghe, C., Khedhaouria, A., & Courcy, F. (2020). Examining the inverted U-shaped relationship between workload and innovative work behavior: The role of work engagement and mindfulness. Human Relations, 73(1), 59-93.
Nazir, O., & Islam, J. U. (2020). Influence of CSR-specific activities on work engagement and employees’ innovative work behaviour: An empirical investigation. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(24), 3054-3072.
Odugbesan, J. A., Aghazadeh, S., Al Qaralleh, R. E., & Sogeke, O. S. (2023). Green talent management and employees’ innovative work behavior: the roles of artificial intelligence and transformational leadership. Journal of Knowledge Management, 27(3), 696-716.
Pham, N. T., Thanh, T. V., Tucková, Z., & Thuy, V. T. N. (2020). The role of green human resource management ˇ in driving hotel’s environmental performance: Interaction and mediation analysis. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 88, 102392.
Ramaj, V., Cucovic, A., & Jusufi, G. (2022). INNOVATION AS A SUCCESS KEY FOR MANUFACTURING SMEs: EMPIRICAL INSIGHTS FROM KOSOVO. Economic Studies, 31(4).
Saleem, M., Qadeer, F., Mahmood, F., Ariza-Montes, A., & Han, H. (2020). Ethical leadership and employee green behavior: A multilevel moderated mediation analysis. Sustainability, 12(8), 3314.
Song, W., & Yu, H. (2018). Green innovation strategy and green innovation: The roles of green creativity and green organizational identity. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 25(2), 135-150.
Sugiarto, A., & Huruta, A. D. (2023). Antecedents of green creativity: the mediating role of employee green commitment and employee job satisfaction. Cogent Business & Management, 10(2), 2222491.
Sutardi, D., Nuryanti, Y., Kumoro, D. F. C., Mariyanah, S., & Agistiawati, E. (2022). Innovative work behavior: A strong combination of leadership, learning, and climate. International Journal of Social and Management Studies, 3(1), 290-301.
Tian, H., Zhang, J., & Li, J. (2020). The relationship between pro-environmental attitude and employee green behavior: the role of motivational states and green work climate perceptions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 7341-7352.
Tuan, L. T. (2020). Environmentally-specific servant leadership and green creativity among tourism employees: Dual mediation paths. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(1), 86-109.
Usmanova, N., Yang, J., Sumarliah, E., Khan, S. U., & Khan, S. Z. (2021). Impact of knowledge sharing on job satisfaction and innovative work behavior: the moderating role of motivating language. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 51(3), 515-532.
Wang, Z., Ren, S., Chadee, D., & Sun, C. (2021). The influence of exploitative leadership on hospitality employees’ green innovative behavior: A moderated mediation model. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 99, 103058.
Zhang, B., Yang, L., Cheng, X., & Chen, F. (2021). How does employee green behavior impact employee well-being? An empirical analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and
Public Health, 18(4), 1669.
Zhu, J., Tang, W., Wang, H., & Chen, Y. (2021). The influence of green human resource management on employee green behavior—a study on the mediating effect of environmental belief and green organizational identity. Sustainability, 13(8), 4544.
Aboramadan, M. (2022). The effect of green HRM on employee green behaviors in higher education: the mediating mechanism of green work engagement. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 30(1), 7-23. ’
Aboramadan, M., Kundi, Y. M., & Becker, A. (2022). Green human resource management in nonprofit organizations: Effects on employee green behavior and the role of perceived green organizational support. Personnel Review, 51(7), 1788-1806.
Afsar, B., & Umrani, W. A. (2020). Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior: The role of motivation to learn, task complexity and innovation climate. European Journal of Innovation Management, 23(3), 402-428.
Ahmed, M., Zehou, S., Raza, S. A., Qureshi, M. A., & Yousufi, S. Q. (2020). Impact of CSR and environmental triggers on employee green behavior: The mediating effect of employee wellbeing. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(5), 2225-2239.
Akram, T., Lei, S., Haider, M. J., & Hussain, S. T. (2020). The impact of organizational justice on employee innovative work behavior: Mediating role of knowledge sharing. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 5(2), 117-129.
Aktar, A., & Islam, Y. (2019). Green human resource management practices and employee engagement: Empirical evidence from RMG sector in Bangladesh. Available at SSRN 3363860.
AlGhazali, B. M., & Afsar, B. (2021). Retracted: Green human resource management and employees’ green creativity: The roles of green behavioral intention and individual green values. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 28(1), 536-536.
Asurakkody, T. A., & Kim, S. H. (2020). Effects of knowledge sharing behavior on innovative work behavior among nursing Students: Mediating role of Self-leadership. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 12, 100190.
Bhutto, T. A., Farooq, R., Talwar, S., Awan, U., & Dhir, A. (2021). Green inclusive leadership and green creativity in the tourism and hospitality sector: Serial mediation of green psychological climate and work engagement. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(10), 1716-1737.
Chang, C. H., & Chen, Y. S. (2013). Green organizational identity and green innovation. Management decision, 51(5), 1056-1070.
Cheah, J.-H., Thurasamy, R., Memon, M. A., Chuah, F., & Ting, H. (2020). Multigroup analysis using SmartPLS: Step-by-step guidelines for business research. Asian Journal of Business Research, 10(3), I-XIX.
Chen, Y.-S., & Chang, C.-H. (2013). The determinants of green product development performance: Green dynamic capabilities, green transformational leadership, and green creativity. Journal of Business Ethics, 116, 107-119.
Chen, Y. S. (2011). Green organizational identity: sources and consequence. Management Decision, 49(3), 384-404.
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874-900.
Dauti, M. B., Dauti, R., & Krasniqi, M. (2020). Factors determining success of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Kosovo. KNOWLEDGE-International Journal, 42(1), 239-244.
De Jong, J., & Den Hartog, D. N. (2008). Innovative work behavior: Measurement and validation. EIM Business and Policy Research, 8(1), 1-27.
Di Vaio, A., Palladino, R., Pezzi, A., & Kalisz, D. E. (2021). The role of digital innovation in knowledge management systems: A systematic literature review. Journal of Business Research, 123, 220-231.
Fawehinmi, O., Yusliza, M., Wan Kasim, W. Z., Mohamad, Z., & Sofian Abdul Halim, M. A. (2020). Exploring the interplay of green human resource management, employee green behavior, and
personal moral norms. Sage Open, 10(4), 2158244020982292.
Gill, A., Ahmad, B., & Kazmi, S. (2021). The effect of green human resource management on environmental performance: The mediating role of employee eco-friendly behavior. Management Science Letters, 11(6), 1725-1736.
Graves, L. M., Sarkis, J., & Zhu, Q. (2013). How transformational leadership and employee motivation combine to predict employee proenvironmental behaviors in China. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 35, 81-91.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European business review, 31(1), 2-24.
Hair Jr, J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2020). Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis. Journal of Business Research, 109, 101-110.
Haldorai, K., Kim, W. G., & Garcia, R. F. (2022). Top management green commitment and green intellectual capital as enablers of hotel environmental performance: The mediating role of green human resource management. Tourism Management, 88, 104431.
Halilaj, A. (2021). GROWTH OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES: THE CASE OF KOSOVO. Proceedings of FEB Zagreb International Odyssey Conference on Economics and Business. Islam,
M. A., Jantan, A. H., Yusoff, Y. M., Chong, C. W., & Hossain, M. S. (2023). Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices and millennial employees’ turnover intentions in tourism industry in malaysia: Moderating role of work environment. Global Business Review, 24(4), 642-662.
Jafari, N., Rahmaniyan, S., & Ghayouri, Z. (2021). The Role of Transformational Leadership, Individual Motivation and Knowledge Sharing in the Innovative Work Behavior of Public Library Staff of Fars Province. Research on Information Science and Public Libraries, 27(3), 571-545.
Karimi, S., Ahmadi Malek, F., Yaghoubi Farani, A., & Liobikien, G. (2023). The role of transformational leadership in developing innovative work behaviors: The mediating role of employees’ psychological capital. Sustainability, 15(2), 1267.
Khan, K., Shams, M. S., Khan, Q., Akbar, S., & Niazi, M. M. (2022). Relationship among green human resource management, green knowledge sharing, green commitment, and green behavior: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 924492.
Khan, M. A., Ismail, F. B., Hussain, A., & Alghazali, B. (2020). The interplay of leadership styles, innovative work behavior, organizational culture, and organizational citizenship behavior. Sage Open, 10(1), 2158244019898264.
Knezovic, E., & Drki ´ c, A. (2021). Innovative work behavior in SMEs: the role of transformational leadership. ´ Employee Relations: The International Journal, 43(2), 398-415.
Li, C., Makhdoom, H. U. R., & Asim, S. (2020). Impact of entrepreneurial leadership on innovative work behavior: Examining mediation and moderation mechanisms. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 105-118.
Li, W., Bhutto, T. A., Xuhui, W., Maitlo, Q., Zafar, A. U., & Bhutto, N. A. (2020). Unlocking employees’ green creativity: The effects of green transformational leadership, green intrinsic, and extrinsic motivation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 255, 120229.
Lin, Q. (2023). Transformational leadership and innovative work behavior: The role of identification, voice and innovation climate. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 113, 103521.
Loku, A., Loku, N., & Baftiu, N. (2021). Small and Medium Enterprises: Importance for the Kosovo Economy. Technium Soc. Sci. J., 18, 215.
Malik, S. Y., Cao, Y., Mughal, Y. H., Kundi, G. M., Mughal, M. H., & Ramayah, T. (2020). Pathways towards sustainability in organizations: Empirical evidence on the role of green human resource management practices and green intellectual capital. Sustainability, 12(8), 3228.
Montani, F., Vandenberghe, C., Khedhaouria, A., & Courcy, F. (2020). Examining the inverted U-shaped relationship between workload and innovative work behavior: The role of work engagement and mindfulness. Human Relations, 73(1), 59-93.
Nazir, O., & Islam, J. U. (2020). Influence of CSR-specific activities on work engagement and employees’ innovative work behaviour: An empirical investigation. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(24), 3054-3072.
Odugbesan, J. A., Aghazadeh, S., Al Qaralleh, R. E., & Sogeke, O. S. (2023). Green talent management and employees’ innovative work behavior: the roles of artificial intelligence and transformational leadership. Journal of Knowledge Management, 27(3), 696-716.
Pham, N. T., Thanh, T. V., Tucková, Z., & Thuy, V. T. N. (2020). The role of green human resource management ˇ in driving hotel’s environmental performance: Interaction and mediation analysis. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 88, 102392.
Ramaj, V., Cucovic, A., & Jusufi, G. (2022). INNOVATION AS A SUCCESS KEY FOR MANUFACTURING SMEs: EMPIRICAL INSIGHTS FROM KOSOVO. Economic Studies, 31(4).
Saleem, M., Qadeer, F., Mahmood, F., Ariza-Montes, A., & Han, H. (2020). Ethical leadership and employee green behavior: A multilevel moderated mediation analysis. Sustainability, 12(8), 3314.
Song, W., & Yu, H. (2018). Green innovation strategy and green innovation: The roles of green creativity and green organizational identity. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 25(2), 135-150.
Sugiarto, A., & Huruta, A. D. (2023). Antecedents of green creativity: the mediating role of employee green commitment and employee job satisfaction. Cogent Business & Management, 10(2), 2222491.
Sutardi, D., Nuryanti, Y., Kumoro, D. F. C., Mariyanah, S., & Agistiawati, E. (2022). Innovative work behavior: A strong combination of leadership, learning, and climate. International Journal of Social and Management Studies, 3(1), 290-301.
Tian, H., Zhang, J., & Li, J. (2020). The relationship between pro-environmental attitude and employee green behavior: the role of motivational states and green work climate perceptions. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 7341-7352.
Tuan, L. T. (2020). Environmentally-specific servant leadership and green creativity among tourism employees: Dual mediation paths. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(1), 86-109.
Usmanova, N., Yang, J., Sumarliah, E., Khan, S. U., & Khan, S. Z. (2021). Impact of knowledge sharing on job satisfaction and innovative work behavior: the moderating role of motivating language. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 51(3), 515-532.
Wang, Z., Ren, S., Chadee, D., & Sun, C. (2021). The influence of exploitative leadership on hospitality employees’ green innovative behavior: A moderated mediation model. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 99, 103058.
Zhang, B., Yang, L., Cheng, X., & Chen, F. (2021). How does employee green behavior impact employee well-being? An empirical analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and
Public Health, 18(4), 1669.
Zhu, J., Tang, W., Wang, H., & Chen, Y. (2021). The influence of green human resource management on employee green behavior—a study on the mediating effect of environmental belief and green organizational identity. Sustainability, 13(8), 4544.
Published
2024-09-11
How to Cite
Valon Llugaxhiu. (2024). How Green HRM Helps to Nurture Green & Innovative Behaviours: A Case of SMEs from Kosovo. Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 9(3), 9-27. https://doi.org/10.26500/JARSSH-09-2024-0302
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
