Impacts national policies on indigenous people livelihood in Nepal: A case study of the Raute community
Keywords:
Policy, Marginalized, Indigenous People
Abstract
Aim: The primary purpose of this research was to analyze and evaluate the policies currently in place in Nepal that affect Nepal’s indigenous population. This paper focuses on the Raute people and how government decisions have impacted their standard of living.
Method: This study used a descriptive methodology. The Raute people of Nepal’s mid to far-western development regions were singled out because they seem to have felt the greatest impact from shifting international legal norms and domestic policy agendas.
Findings: Evidence from various regions, such as Africa, Latin America, and Asia, shows that national policies often need to give more priority to protecting indigenous peoples and their knowledge. Adivasi Janajati, Nepal’s indigenous people, account for about 37.2% of the country’s total population. They comprise a sizable population but have been marginalized from mainstream society. The dominant groups have effectively marginalized Indigenous peoples’ autonomy in terms of territory, resources, language, culture, customary law, and access to political and economic power.
Implications/Novel Contribution: Even though Nepal has ratified ILO Convention No. 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, the rights of indigenous people are not guaranteed in the country’s recently promulgated Constitution of 2015. How this brand-new constitution and national laws deal with the provisions of this ILO Convention remains to be seen.
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Subiyantoro, S., Sulistyo, a. N., E. T., & Prameswari, N. G. (2017). A study of the level of management knowledge of woodcraft artisans in Indonesia. Journal of Advances in Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(5), 238-246. doi:https://doi.org/10.20474/jahss-3.5.1
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Becker, C. D. (2000). Indigenous institutions and forest condition: Lessons from the Yuracare. In Gibson, C., McKean, M., and E. Ostrom (Eds.,), People and forests: Communities, institutions, and the governance. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Bhattachan, K. (2008). Minorities & indigenous peoples of Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal: National Coalition against Racial Discrimination.
Bhattachan, K. (2012). Country technical notes on indigenous peoplesâA˘Z issues federal democratic republic of ´ Nepal (Techincal report). International Fund for Agricultural Development, Rome, Italy.
Bhattachan, K. B. (2005). Dominant groups have right to Live? Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, 1, 42-66. doi:https://doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v1i0.275
Bista, D. B. (1976). Encounter with the raute: The last hunting nomads of nepal (Unpublished master thesis). Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.
Bowern, C. (2015). Linguistic fieldwork: A practical guide. New York, NY: Springer.
Central Beaureu of Statistics. (2003). Nepal living standards survey report 2003/04. Retrieved from https://urlzs.com/Y1zxb (accessed on 13 July, 2017)
Chaudhary, R. P. (2000). Forest conservation and environmental management in nepal: A review. Biodiversity & Conservation, 9(9), 1235-1260. doi:ttps://doi.org/10.1023/a:1008900216876
Chernela, J. M. (1989). Managing rivers of hunger: The tukano of Brazil. Advances in Economic Botany, 7(5), 238-248.
Contemporary Vision Nepal. (2011). Rautes: The last nomads of Nepal. Retrieved from https://urlzs.com/nouWv (accessed on 1 July, 2012)
Cunningham, A. B. (1991). Indigenous knowledge and biodiversity: Global commons or regional heritage? Cultural Survival Quarterly, 5(7), 4-8.
Daniggelis, E. (1997). Hidden wealth: The survival strategy of foraging farmers in the upper Arun Valley. Kathmandu, Nepal: Mandala Book Point.
Delil, S. (2018). Tablet as a training material: Contribution of content diversity to education rate. Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(2), 76-87. doi:https://doi.org/10.26500/jarssh-03-2018-0205
Department of Forest Research and Survey. (1999). State of Nepal forest. (accessed on 14 July, 2010) doi:https://urlzs.com/dmZU7
Dobremez, J. F. (1976). Nepal: Ecology and biogeography. Paris, France: National Center for Scientific Research.
Fortier, J. (2009). Kings of the forest: The cultural resilience of Himalayan hunter- gatherers. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai’i Press.
Grenier, L. (1998). Working with indigenous knowledge: A guide for researcher. Ottawa, Canada: IDRC Publication.
Gurung, O. M. (2010). Social inclusion: Policies and practices in Nepal. Occasional Papers in Sociology and Anthropology, 11, 1-15. doi:https://doi.org/10.3126/opsa.v11i0.3027
Hill, M., & Hupe, P. (2002). Implementing public policy. London, UK: Sage Publication.
Integrated Institute for Development Studies. (2002). Adivasis/janajatis in national development: Major issues, constraints and opportunities. Retrieved from https://urlzs.com/DpnyS (accessed on 15 July, 2017)
Joshi, K. (2005). Traditional knowledge key to unlocking biodiversity benefits. biodiversity conservation efforts in nepal. Pairs, France: Centre national de la recherche scientifique.
Land Resources Mapping Project. (1986). Land utilization report: Kenting earth sciences limited, government ofnepal and government of canada. Retrieved from https://urlzs.com/23xC5 (accessed on 14 July, 2018)
Luintel, Y. (1998). The nomadic raute: A sociological study. Kathmandu, Nepal: Royal Nepal Academy.
Nabhan, G. P. (1997). Cultures of habitat: On nature, culture, and story. Washington, D.C, WA: Counterpoint.
National Federation of Nepal . (2013). Study on status of ips peoplesâA˘Z land and resource rights ´ (Technical report). National Federation of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
National Foundation for Development of Indigenous Nationalities. (2003). An introduction Lalitpur, Nepal. Retrieved from https://urlzs.com/vbKLU (accessed on 14 Septemeber, 2010)
National Report Nepal. (2011). National population and housing census 2011. Retrieved from https://urlzs.com/NbBkW (accessed on 15 July, 2018)
Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities. (2004). Nationalism and ethnicity in Nepal. Retrieved from https://urlzs.com/rSne3 (accessed on 1 November, 2018)
Nepal Integrated Research System . (2006). Retrieved from https://urlzs.com/uTsT7 (accessed on 7 May, 2007)
Nuchso, N., Tuntivivat, S., & Klayklueng, P. (2016). The effect of learning organization and servant leadership on child-centered teaching behavior with the mediating role of knowledge sharing in education of Chanthaburi Diocese schools. International Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 2(5), 181-188. doi:https://doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.2.20004-5
O’Toole Jr, L. J. (1995). Rational choice and policy implementation: Implications for interorganizational network management. The American Review of Public Administration, 25(1), 43-57. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/027507409502500103
Panter-Brick, C., Layton, R., & Rowley-Conwy, P. (2001). Hunter-gatherers: An interdisciplinary perspective. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Paudel, K. C., & Parajuli, D. P. (1999). Domestication and commercialization of lapsi tree: Potential income source through agroforestry in the middle hills of Nepal. Ministry of Science and Technology, Scientific World, Nepal, 1(1), 116-120.
Rai, A. (2007). Adivasi janajati ko muladhara. Maharagang, Kathmandu: N.B Printing Press.
Regmi, M. (1978). Land tenure and taxation in Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal: Ratna Pustak Bhandar.
Roy, R. R. (2005). Traditional customary laws and indigenous peoplein Asia. London, UK: Minority Rights Group International.
Saetren, H. (2005). Facts and myths about research on public policy implementation: Out of fashion, allegedly dead, but still very much alive and relevant. Policy Studies Journal, 33(4), 559-582. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2005.00133.x
Silwal, M. (2011). Maternal health care practices among indigenous people of Nepal: A case study of the Raute community (Unpublished master thesis). Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal.
Singh, N. B. (1998). The endangered raute tribe in Nepal. Askal Paila, 1(1), 117-125.
Stainton, J. D. A. (1972). Forests of Nepal. New York, NY: Hafner Publishing Company.
Subba, C., Yonjan, A., Acharya, N., Limbu, L., Shrestha, S. K., Ranamagar, S., & Dhungel, D. N. (2002). Adivasis/janajatis in national development: Major issues, constraints and opportunities (Techincal report). Institute for Integrated Development Studies, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Subiyantoro, S., Sulistyo, a. N., E. T., & Prameswari, N. G. (2017). A study of the level of management knowledge of woodcraft artisans in Indonesia. Journal of Advances in Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(5), 238-246. doi:https://doi.org/10.20474/jahss-3.5.1
The World Conservation Union. (2004). National register of medicinal and aromatic plants. Retrieved from https://urlzs.com/hxkNJ (accessed on 15 October. 2006)
United Nations Declartion. (2007). United Nations declaration on the rights of indigenous peoples. Retrieved from https://urlzs.com/aK556 (accessed on 15 July, 2008)
Upreti, B. R., & Upreti, Y. G. (2002). Factors leading to agro-biodiversity loss in developing countries: The case of Nepal. Biodiversity & Conservation, 11(9), 1607-1621. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1016862200156
Weng, H. Y., & Yang, C. H. (2016). Culture conservation and regeneration of traditional industries derived by tourism factory-case study of Kwong xi paper factory in Taiwan. International Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 2(5), 172-180. doi:https://doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.2.20003-5
Published
2019-02-11
Section
Articles
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