Assessing the residential and schools’ surrounding environments for child-friendliness in precinct 11 Putrajaya, Malaysia
Keywords:
Residential and School, Surrounding Environment, Children, Child-Friendly Indicators
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this research is to assess the proximity of homes and schools in terms of their child-friendliness using a variety of indicators. The idea of creating sustainable urban and community environments is central.
Method: Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and a case study approach, it promotes livability by adhering to basic human needs. Primary data were collected through in-person observations of sites, including examining site characteristics, taking photographs of the surrounding environment and its elements, and examining the children’s movement patterns. Tracking the whereabouts of elementary school kids was also a part of the investigation.
Findings: Research shows that neighbourhoods near schools are accommodating to students’ needs. Signage, playground equipment, and pedestrian walkways were found to all contribute to a more kid-friendly setting. The research also found that several contextual factors, such as proximity to pedestrian amenities and the entrance to a school, influence how child-friendly a given area is.
Implications/Novel Contribution: The study added to the growing body of evidence suggesting that child friendly indicators be incorporated into residential planning to improve the quality of life for children in urban areas.
References
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McAllister, C. (2008). Child friendly cities and land use planning: Implications for children’s health. Environments, 35(3), 45-50.
McMillan, T. E. (2007). The relative influence of urban form on a childâA˘ Zs travel mode to school. ´ Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 41(1), 69-79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2006.05.011
Moser, S. (2010). Putrajaya: MalaysiaâA˘ Zs new federal administrative capital. ´ Cities, 27(4), 285-297. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2009.11.002
Mumford, L. (1962). Introduction: The city in history. Washington University Law Review, 3(10), 45-50.
Nowakowski, T., & Werbinska-Wojciechowska, S. (2012). Developments of time dependencies modeling concepts. ´ Advances in Safety, Reliability and Risk Managment, 57. doi:https://doi.org/10.1201/b11433-118
Orsini, A. F., & O’Brien, C. (2006). Fun, fast and fit: Influences and motivators for teenagers who cycle to school. Children Youth and Environments, 16(1), 121-132.
Ortega, N. (2017). An examination of the Korean community in the Dominican republic. Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(4), 188-199. doi:https://doi.org/10.26500/jarssh-02-2017-0304
Osborne, J., & Osborne, B. (2005). Regulating doctors: should we swallow dame janet’s medicine? Bmj, 330(7490), 546-580. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.330.7490.546
Pellegrini, A. D. (1989). Elementary school children’s rough-and-tumble play. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 4(2), 245-260. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s0885-2006(89)80006-7
Pellegrini, A. D., Perlmutter, J. C., Galda, L., & Brody, G. H. (1990). Joint reading between black head start children and their mothers. Child Development, 61(2), 443-453. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02791.x
Said, I. (2012). Methods for evaluating responses of children with outdoor environments. Procedia-Social andBehavioral Sciences, 49, 39-46.
Stark, J., Frühwirth, J., & Aschauer, F. (2018). Exploring independent and active mobility in primary school children in Vienna. Journal of Transport Geography, 68, 31-41. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.02.007
Steen, S. (2003). Bastions of mechanism, castles built on sand: A critique of schooling from an ecological perspective. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 8(1), 191-203.
Teng, F., Quoquab, F., Hussin, N., & Mohammad, J. (2016). Re-defining sustainable development values and its facets based on developing country perspective. Journal of Advances in Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(2), 1-13. doi:https://doi.org/10.20474/jahss2.1.1
UNICEF. (2018). Child friendly cities and communities handbook. Retrieved from https://uni.cf/2qiuQe7 (Accessed on 1 August, 2018)
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2019). Global sustainable development report 2019: The future is now: Science for achieving sustainable development. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/32miMqu (Accessed on 1 June, 2019)
Van Vliet, W. (1983). Children’s travel behavior. Ekistics, 14(2), 61-65. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916583152005
Veitch, J. A., Stokkermans, M. G., & Newsham, G. R. (2013). Linking lighting appraisals to work behaviors.Environment and Behavior, 45(2), 198-214. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916511420560
Arnas, Y. A. (2016). ChildrenâA˘ Zs understanding of television commercials: A qualitative approach. ´ International Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 2(1), 45-51. doi:https://doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.2.20005-1
Badaruddin, M. (2015). Planning for the children of the future the case of Malaysia Penang: Universiti Sains Malaysia. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/31hwQQo (Accessed on 15 July, 2017)
Barton, H., Grant, M., & Guise, R. (2003). Shaping neighbourhoods: A guide for health, sustainability and vitality. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.
Biddulph, M. (2007). Introduction to residential layout. Oxford, UK: Elsevier Ltd.
Birtles, T. G. (1982). Clarence perry and the neighbourhood unit: Eelfare origins of a twentieth century urban planning ideal. Canberra, Australia: Canberra College of Advanced Education Publisher.
Broberg, A., Kyttä, M., & Fagerholm, N. (2013). Child-friendly urban structures: Bullerby revisited. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 35, 110-120. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.06.001
Castonguay, G., & Jutras, S. (2009). Children’s appreciation of outdoor places in a poor neighborhood. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29(1), 101-109. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.05.002
Cilliers, E., & Goosen, Z. (2016). The planning and development of green public places in urban South Africa: A child-friendly approach. International Journal of Architectural and Environmental Engineering, 10(7), 849-854.
Commissioner for Children and Young People Western Australia. (2011). Building spaces and places for children and young people. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2MfABSc (Accessed on 15 August, 2018)
Cooper Marcus, C., & Francis, C. (1998). People places: Design guidelines for urban open space. New Yok, NY: John Willey & Sons.
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning. (2009). Profil bandar wilayah persekutuan (bandaraya kuala lumpur dan putrajaya) (Technical report). Federal Department of Town and Country Planning Peninsular Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Federal Department of Town and Country Planning. (2016). National physical plan 3 (Technical report). Federal Department of Town and Country Planning Peninsular Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Fjørtoft, I., & Sageie, J. (2000). The natural environment as a playground for children: Landscape description and analyses of a natural playscape. Landscape and Urban Planning, 48(1-2), 83-97. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2046(00)00045-1
Francis, M., & Lorenzo, R. (2002). Seven realms of children’s participation. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 22(1-2), 157-169. doi:https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.2001.0248
Freeman, C., & Tranter, P. (2012). Children and their urban environment: Changing worlds. London, UK: Routledge.
Fund, U. N. C. (2004). Annual report 2004. Retrieved from https://uni.cf/2Bg9Zuk (Accessed on 15 July, 2017)
Haider, J. (2007). Inclusive design: Planning public urban spaces for children. In Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Municipal Engineer, New York, NY.
Harrison, M. E., Page, S. E., & Limin, S. H. (2009). The global impact of Indonesian forest fires. Biologist, 56(3), 156-163.
Heft, H. (1988). Affordances of children’s environments: A functional approach to environmental description.
Children’s Environments Quarterly, 26(2), 29-37. doi:https://doi.org/10.7721/chilyoutenvi.26.2.0043
Hüttenmoser, M. (1995). Children and their living surroundings: Empirical investigations into the significance of living surroundings for the everyday life and development of children. Children’s Environments, 5(7),403-413.
Jacobs, J. (1961). 1993, the death and life of great American cities, modern library. New York, NY: Random House.
John, K., Litov, L., & Yeung, B. (2008). Corporate governance and risk-taking. The Journal of Finance, 63(4), 1679-1728. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540 6261.2008.01372.x
Kyttä, M. (2002). Affordances of children’s environments in the context of cities, small towns, suburbs and rural villages in Finland and Belarus. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 22(1-2), 109-123. doi:https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.2001.0249
Malone, K., & Rudner, J. (2007). Child-friendly and sustainable cities: Exploring global studies on children’s freedom, mobility, and risk. In C. Freeman, P. Tranter, & T. Skelton (Eds.), Risk, protection, provision and policy. New York, NY: Wiley and John Sons.
Marcus, C. C., & Sarkissian, W. (1986). Housing as if people mattered: Site design guidelines for the planning of medium-density family housing (Vol. 4). California, CA: Univ of California Press.
McAllister, C. (2008). Child friendly cities and land use planning: Implications for children’s health. Environments, 35(3), 45-50.
McMillan, T. E. (2007). The relative influence of urban form on a childâA˘ Zs travel mode to school. ´ Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 41(1), 69-79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2006.05.011
Moser, S. (2010). Putrajaya: MalaysiaâA˘ Zs new federal administrative capital. ´ Cities, 27(4), 285-297. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2009.11.002
Mumford, L. (1962). Introduction: The city in history. Washington University Law Review, 3(10), 45-50.
Nowakowski, T., & Werbinska-Wojciechowska, S. (2012). Developments of time dependencies modeling concepts. ´ Advances in Safety, Reliability and Risk Managment, 57. doi:https://doi.org/10.1201/b11433-118
Orsini, A. F., & O’Brien, C. (2006). Fun, fast and fit: Influences and motivators for teenagers who cycle to school. Children Youth and Environments, 16(1), 121-132.
Ortega, N. (2017). An examination of the Korean community in the Dominican republic. Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(4), 188-199. doi:https://doi.org/10.26500/jarssh-02-2017-0304
Osborne, J., & Osborne, B. (2005). Regulating doctors: should we swallow dame janet’s medicine? Bmj, 330(7490), 546-580. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.330.7490.546
Pellegrini, A. D. (1989). Elementary school children’s rough-and-tumble play. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 4(2), 245-260. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s0885-2006(89)80006-7
Pellegrini, A. D., Perlmutter, J. C., Galda, L., & Brody, G. H. (1990). Joint reading between black head start children and their mothers. Child Development, 61(2), 443-453. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02791.x
Said, I. (2012). Methods for evaluating responses of children with outdoor environments. Procedia-Social andBehavioral Sciences, 49, 39-46.
Stark, J., Frühwirth, J., & Aschauer, F. (2018). Exploring independent and active mobility in primary school children in Vienna. Journal of Transport Geography, 68, 31-41. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.02.007
Steen, S. (2003). Bastions of mechanism, castles built on sand: A critique of schooling from an ecological perspective. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 8(1), 191-203.
Teng, F., Quoquab, F., Hussin, N., & Mohammad, J. (2016). Re-defining sustainable development values and its facets based on developing country perspective. Journal of Advances in Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(2), 1-13. doi:https://doi.org/10.20474/jahss2.1.1
UNICEF. (2018). Child friendly cities and communities handbook. Retrieved from https://uni.cf/2qiuQe7 (Accessed on 1 August, 2018)
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2019). Global sustainable development report 2019: The future is now: Science for achieving sustainable development. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/32miMqu (Accessed on 1 June, 2019)
Van Vliet, W. (1983). Children’s travel behavior. Ekistics, 14(2), 61-65. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916583152005
Veitch, J. A., Stokkermans, M. G., & Newsham, G. R. (2013). Linking lighting appraisals to work behaviors.Environment and Behavior, 45(2), 198-214. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916511420560
Published
2019-08-19
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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